Classification of NSAIDS

NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) are a class of medications used primarily for reducing inflammation, pain, and fever. They inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which leads to decreased formation of prostaglandins (inflammatory molecules). NSAIDs are broadly classified into the following categories based on their chemical structure and COX selectivity:

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Salicylates

• Example: Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)
• Mechanism: Non-selective COX inhibitor, commonly used for pain, inflammation, and as a blood thinner to prevent clots.

2. Propionic Acid Derivatives

• Examples: Ibuprofen, Naproxen
• Mechanism: Non-selective COX inhibitors, commonly used for treating pain, fever, and inflammation, are often available over the counter.

3. Acetic Acid Derivatives

• Examples: Diclofenac, Indomethacin
• Mechanism: Potent non-selective COX inhibitors, are used for more severe inflammation and pain, especially in conditions like arthritis.

4. Oxicams

• Example: Piroxicam, Meloxicam
• Mechanism: Preferential COX-2 inhibitors, are often used in chronic conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis due to their longer duration of action.

5. Selective COX-2 Inhibitors (Coxibs)

• Examples: Celecoxib, Etoricoxib
• Mechanism: Selectively inhibit COX-2, reducing pain and inflammation with fewer gastrointestinal side effects compared to non-selective NSAIDs.

6. Fenamates

• Examples: Mefenamic Acid, Meclofenamate
• Mechanism: Non-selective COX inhibitors, used primarily for acute pain, menstrual cramps, and arthritis.

Each NSAID has its own therapeutic and side effect profile, so its use depends on the specific needs of the patient and the risk of side effects, such as gastrointestinal issues or cardiovascular risks.