Reduction Reaction of Riboflavin and its Deficiency Syndrome

The reduction reaction of riboflavin (vitamin B2) involves the conversion of riboflavin to its reduced forms, FMNH₂ or FADH₂, through electron transfer. This process occurs in biological systems where riboflavin acts as a precursor to the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The reaction can be summarized as:

Riboflavin Reduction Reaction:

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) + 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ → Reduced Riboflavin (FMNH₂ or FADH₂)

This reaction is crucial in redox reactions, including those involved in cellular respiration, where FMN and FAD act as electron carriers.

Riboflavin Deficiency Syndrome:

Riboflavin deficiency, known as ariboflavinosis, leads to several symptoms, including:

• Cheilosis: Cracked and swollen lips, especially at the corners (angular stomatitis).
• Glossitis: Swollen, magenta-colored tongue.
• Photophobia: Sensitivity to light.
• Dermatitis: Scaly skin rashes, especially around the face and genital areas.
• Anemia: Deficiency in red blood cells due to impaired iron metabolism.
• Neurological symptoms: Fatigue, weakness, and difficulty concentrating.

Riboflavin deficiency is rare in developed countries but can occur due to poor dietary intake or malabsorption conditions.